The mutation frequency mu = 1E-006. Given the the formula q^2 = mu/s we may find q: q = sqrt(mu/s) = sqrt(1E-006/0.3) = 0.00182574185835 The question about carrier frequency may be solved approximately. If q^2 term is neglected, carrier freq = 2 q = 2 0.00182574185835 = 0.0036514837167 Othervise, exact answer is [2 q (1-q) + (1-s) q^2]/[1 - s q^2] = 0.00364715403052 It is easy to see that the above approximation is quite good